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Rudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani (;〔See (inogolo: pronunciation of Rudy Giuliani ).〕 born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, former politician, and public speaker from New York. Politically a Democrat and then an Independent in the 1970s, but a Republican since the 1980s, Giuliani was the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York during the 1980s and prosecuted pivotal cases against the Italian Mafia and against corrupt corporate financiers. Giuliani tamed organized crime—most famously leading the case that sent boss John Gotti, the "Teflon Don," to prison for life based on testimony brokered in a deal with Sammy "The Bull" Gravano. That accomplishment, which won Giuliani a reputation for being tough on crime, helped to launch his political career.〔 During his first term as Mayor of New York City, Giuliani hired a new police commissioner, William Bratton, who applied the broken windows theory of urban decay, which holds that minor disorders and violations create a permissive atmosphere that leads to further and more serious crimes that can threaten the safety of a city.〔 Within several years, Giuliani was widely credited for major improvements in the city's quality of life and rates of violent crimes.〔Gina M Robertiello, "Giuliani, Rudolph", (pp. 687–99 ), in Wilbur R. Miller, ed, ''The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia'' (Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London: Sage Publications, 2012).〕 While still mayor, he ran for U.S. Senate in 2000, but withdrew upon diagnosis of prostate cancer. Still, he gained international fame as New York City's leader in the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks in 2001. Giuliani was named ''Time'' magazine's Person of the Year for 2001, and was given an honorary knighthood in 2002 by the United Kingdom's Queen Elizabeth II.〔Stephen M. Silverman, ("Queen Elizabeth knights Rudy Giuliani – Queen Elizabeth II" ), ''People'', February 13, 2002.〕 In 2002, Giuliani founded Giuliani Partners (security consulting), acquired and later sold Giuliani Capital Advisors (investment banking), and joined a Texas firm while opening a New York office for the firm renamed Bracewell & Giuliani (legal services). Giuliani sought the Republican Party's 2008 presidential nomination, and was considered the early front runner in the race,〔Cohen et al., "The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform," Chicago: 2008, p 338.〕 before withdrawing from the race to endorse the eventual nominee John McCain. Giuliani was considered a potential candidate for New York governor in 2010〔("Rudy Giuliani: Governor of New York in 2010?" ), ''Right Pundits'', December 22, 2009.〕 and for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012.〔http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/03/17/will-he-run-for-president-again-rudy-giuliani-plays-2012-flirt.html〕 However, Giuliani declined all races and instead remained in the business sector.〔Maggie Haberman, ("Rudy Giuliani: I'm not running in 2012" ), ''Politico''.〕 ==Early life== Giuliani was born in an Italian-American enclave in East Flatbush in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, the only child of working-class parents, Harold Angelo Giuliani (1908–1981) and Helen (née D'Avanzo; 1909–2002), both first-generation Americans, children of Italian immigrants. He was raised a Roman Catholic. Harold Giuliani had trouble holding a job and had been convicted of felony assault and robbery and served time in Sing Sing; after his release he worked as an enforcer for his brother-in-law Leo D'Avanzo, who ran an organized crime operation involved in loan sharking and gambling at a restaurant in Brooklyn. In 1951, when Giuliani was seven, his family moved from Brooklyn to Garden City South, where he attended the local Catholic school, St. Anne's. Later, he commuted back to Brooklyn to attend Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School, graduating in 1961 with an 85 percent average. Giuliani attended Manhattan College in Riverdale, Bronx, where he majored in political science with a minor in philosophy. There he considered becoming a priest,〔 after having studied theology for four years in college.〔("In a Surprise, Pat Robertson Backs Giuliani" ), ''The New York Times'', November 8, 2007〕 Giuliani was elected president of his class in his sophomore year, but was not re-elected in his junior year.〔 He joined the Phi Rho Pi fraternity, and was active in shaping its direction.〔 He graduated in 1965. Giuliani eventually decided to forego the priesthood,〔 instead attending New York University School of Law in Manhattan, where he made law review〔 and graduated ''cum laude'' with a Juris Doctor in 1968.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Biography of Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani )〕 Giuliani started his political life as a Democrat. He has stated that he admires the Kennedy family,〔 and volunteered for Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1968. He also worked as a Democratic Party committeeman on Long Island in the mid-1960s,〔(The Democratic Party| DNC Statement on Giuliani's Potential Presidential Bid ) 〕〔Jack Newfield, ("The Full Rudy: The Man, the Mayor, the Myth" ), ''The Nation'', May 30, 2002; retrieved June 2, 2007〕 and voted for George McGovern for president in 1972. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rudy Giuliani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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